The Big Holes in Physics: Constants Without Cause

⚛️ The Big Holes in Physics: Constants Without Causes

Mainstream physics is built on constants — numbers that are measured, never explained. They give predictive power, but they also expose a deep hole: if you can’t explain why a law is a law, you call it a constant and move on. Reactive Substrate Theory (RST) challenges this by showing how these constants can emerge naturally from the properties of the substrate field (Σ).

1. Speed of Light (c)

In mainstream physics, c is the universal speed limit. It’s measured, accepted, and unexplained. Why that value? No answer. In RST, c is not arbitrary — it’s the maximum propagation speed of Σ tension, set by the field’s elasticity and density. It emerges from the medium itself.

2. Gravitational Constant (G)

Physics treats G as the strength of gravity, a number pulled from experiment. Why gravity has this strength is unknown. RST reframes G as the large‑scale elasticity and density coupling of the substrate. Gravity is not a mysterious force but a macroscopic expression of Σ’s material properties.

3. Planck’s Constant (h)

Quantum mechanics depends on h, the quantum of action. It sets the scale of quantum effects but offers no cause for its value. RST ties h to the smallest oscillation unit or knot size of the substrate. Quantum discreteness is the fingerprint of Σ’s granular structure.

4. Fine‑Structure Constant (α ≈ 1/137)

Mainstream physics calls α a “mystery number” — a dimensionless constant that governs electromagnetic interaction. Why 1/137? No one knows. RST interprets α as the ratio of substrate tension modes, a geometric property of Σ’s field interactions. It’s not magic; it’s math emerging from the medium.

5. Cosmological Constant (Λ)

Λ is inserted into equations to explain cosmic acceleration. It’s labeled “dark energy,” but its origin is unknown. RST sees Λ as the background pressure of the substrate field, an equilibrium state of Σ. Cosmic expansion is not a patch but a consequence of the substrate’s balance.

📌 Takeaway

Mainstream physics defends its gaps by saying “it’s constant, so no further explanation required.” That’s pragmatic but unsatisfying. RST closes the hole by showing how constants emerge from substrate properties. Instead of unexplained givens, the laws of physics become the natural behavior of the medium itself.

⚛️ The Big Holes in Physics: Waiting for the Unifying Equation

Mainstream physics is a patchwork of powerful but incomplete theories. General Relativity explains gravity and spacetime; Quantum Mechanics explains the microscopic world. Yet they do not mesh. Gravity resists quantization, quantum theory does not explain spacetime curvature, and the constants that hold these systems together are treated as unexplained givens. The defense is pragmatic: if a number is universal and reproducible, call it a constant and move on. But this leaves a hole — the “why” behind the laws themselves.

🔭 The Search for a Unifying Equation

Physicists dream of a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) or a Theory of Everything (TOE) that would derive the laws and constants from first principles. String theory imagines tiny vibrating strings; loop quantum gravity quantizes spacetime itself. Each approach seeks to explain why the laws are laws, not just how they behave. Until such an equation is found, physics remains descriptive rather than explanatory.

⚛️ RST’s Approach

Reactive Substrate Theory (RST) takes a different path. Instead of waiting for a single unifying equation, RST reframes the constants themselves as emergent properties of a deeper substrate field (Σ). In this view:

  • c (speed of light) is the maximum propagation speed of substrate tension.
  • G (gravitational constant) emerges from elasticity and density coupling of the substrate.
  • h (Planck’s constant) reflects the smallest oscillation unit or knot size of the substrate.
  • α (fine‑structure constant) is the ratio of substrate tension modes.
  • Λ (cosmological constant) is the background pressure of the substrate field.

In RST, laws are not arbitrary rules but the natural behavior of the medium itself. Constants are not unexplained givens but fingerprints of the substrate’s properties.

🌌 The Missing Mass Problem

Mainstream physics often invents new entities to patch its gaps. Dark matter is the most famous example: an invisible substance proposed to explain why galaxies rotate faster than visible mass allows. But this “missing mass” problem may itself be the result of not attempting to explain why laws are laws. If gravity’s strength (G) is treated as a brute constant, then any mismatch between prediction and observation demands a new substance. If instead gravity emerges from substrate properties, the apparent discrepancy could be resolved without invoking unseen matter.

📌 Takeaway

Most of physics is waiting for a unifying equation to explain why the laws are laws. In the meantime, constants are treated as unexplained placeholders, and new entities like dark matter are invented to patch the holes. RST offers another path: show how the laws and constants emerge naturally from substrate properties. In this view, the universe’s “missing mass” is not a mystery substance but a symptom of the deeper oversight — the failure to ask why the laws exist in the first place.

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